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STUDIES AVAILABLE OF OBESITY
Sources :- http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov
1. Phytother Res. 2011 May;25(5):768-73. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3322. Epub 2010 Oct 29.
Effect of ginsenosides Rg3 and Re on glucose transport in mature 3T3-L1
adipocytes.
Lee OH, Lee HH, Kim JH, Lee BY.
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea.
Ginsenosides, the active component of Panax ginseng, have been shown to evidence a variety of biological activities associated with hyperglycemia, obesity and
type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study evaluated the effects of the ginsenosides,Rg3 and Re, on glucose uptake and the glucose transport system in mature 3T3-L1
cells. The results demonstrated that the glucose uptake of ginsenosides Rg3 andRe at concentrations of 1-10 µM significantly increased by approximately ∼10% and∼12%, respectively. Furthermore, the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) mRNA expression of ginsenosides Rg3 and Re at 10 µM was increased by approximately ∼1.73 and 1.43 fold, respectively. It was further confirmed in a series of experiments that ginsenosides Rg3 and Re stimulated the mRNA expression of insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) and the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-110α protein, which is involved in downstream events in the insulin signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate that ginsenosides Rg3 and Re may stimulate glucose uptake via the PI3K pathways involving IRS-1. Further,our results suggest that both of these ginsenosides might prove useful as effective antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic agents.
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley
& Sons, Ltd.
PMID: 21520470 [PubMed - in process]
2. Hum Brain Mapp. 2011 Apr 21. doi: 10.1002/hbm.21268. [Epub ahead of print]
The obese brain: Association of body mass index and insulin sensitivity with
resting state network functional connectivity.
Kullmann S, Heni M, Veit R, Ketterer C, Schick F, Häring HU, Fritsche A, Preissl H.
MEG Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen,
Germany; Graduate School for Neural and Behavioural Sciences, University of Tübingen, Member of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen,Germany. stephanie.kullmann@med.uni-tuebingen.de.
Obesity is a key risk factor for the development of insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes and associated diseases; thus, it has become a major public health
concern. In this context, a detailed understanding of brain networks regulating food intake, including hormonal modulation, is crucial. At present, little is
known about potential alterations of cerebral networks regulating ingestive behavior. We used "resting state" functional magnetic resonance imaging to
investigate the functional connectivity integrity of resting state networks (RSNs) related to food intake in lean and obese subjects using independent
component analysis. Our results showed altered functional connectivity strength in obese compared to lean subjects in the default mode network (DMN) and temporal lobe network. In the DMN, obese subjects showed in the precuneus bilaterally increased and in the right anterior cingulate decreased functional connectivity strength. Furthermore, in the temporal lobe network, obese subjects showed decreased functional connectivity strength in the left insular cortex. The functional connectivity magnitude significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI). Two further RSNs, including brain regions associated with food and reward processing, did not show BMI, but insulin associated functional connectivity strength. Here, the left orbitofrontal cortex and right putamen functional
connectivity strength was positively correlated with fasting insulin levels and negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity index. Taken together, these
results complement and expand previous functional neuroimaging findings by demonstrating that obesity and insulin levels influence brain function during
rest in networks supporting reward and food regulation. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. ©2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PMID: 21520345 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
3. J Surg Oncol. 2011 Apr 25. doi: 10.1002/jso.21923. [Epub ahead of print]
Determinants of outcomes in pancreatic surgery and use of hospital resources.
Gupta PK, Turaga KK, Miller WJ, Loggie BW, Foster JM.
Department of Surgery, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Outcomes for patients undergoing major pancreatic surgery have improved, but a subset of patients that significantly utilize more resources exists. Variables that can lead to an increase in resource utilization in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery were identified. METHODS: Patients undergoing pancreatic surgery for neoplasms were identified from the NSQIP database (2006-2008). Indices associated with increased resource utilization that we included were operative time (OT), length of stay (LOS), intraoperative RBC transfusion, return to operating room, and occurrence of postoperative complications. Analysis of covariance and multivariable logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: The 4,306 included patients had a median age of 66 years and 50.3% were males. The 30-day morbidity and mortality were 29.3% and 3.2%, respectively. Median OT was 362 min and median LOS was 10 days. Malignancy,neoadjuvant radiation, and medical co-morbidities were associated with increased OT (P < 0.0001 for all). Declining preoperative functional status was the most important predictor of LOS (P < 0.0001). Age, male gender, hypertension, severe COPD, and higher BMI were significantly associated with postoperative complications (P < 0.050 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Morbidity after pancreatic surgery remains high. Age, obesity, performance status, medical co-morbidities, and neoadjuvant radiation affect outcomes and may lead to increased use of hospital resources. J. Surg. Oncol. 9999:XX-XX, XXXX © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PMID: 21520092 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
4. J Cell Physiol. 2011 Aug;226(8):2181-8. doi: 10.1002/jcp.22555.
Resistin induces monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion by increasing ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in endothelial cells via p38MAPK-dependent pathway.
Hsu WY, Chao YW, Tsai YL, Lien CC, Chang CF, Deng MC, Ho LT, Kwok CF, Juan CC.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University,Taipei, Taiwan.
Resistin, firstly reported as an adipocyte-specific hormone, is suggested to be an important link between obesity and diabetes. Recent studies have suggested an
association between resistin and atherogenic processes. The adhesion of circulating monocytes to endothelial cells is a critical step in the early stages
of atherosclerosis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of resistin on the adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to human umbilical vein
endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the underlying mechanism. Our results showed that resistin caused a significant increase in monocyte adhesion. In exploring theunderlying mechanisms of resistin action, we found that resistin-induced monocyte adhesion was blocked by inhibition of p38MAPK activation using SB203580 and SB202190. Furthermore, resistin increased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) by HUVECs and these effects were also p38MAPK-dependent. Resistin-induced monocyte adhesion was also blocked by monoclonal antibodies against ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Taken together, these results show that resistin increases both the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by endothelial cells and monocyte adhesion to HUVECs via p38MAPK-dependent pathways. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2181-2188, 2011. © 2010
Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PMID: 21520070 [PubMed - in process]
5. J Cell Physiol. 2011 Aug;226(8):2123-30. doi: 10.1002/jcp.22546.
Leptin up-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines in discrete cells within mousecolon.
Padidar S, Farquharson AJ, Williams LM, Kelaiditi E, Hoggard N, Arthur JR, Drew JE.
Molecular Nutrition, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University ofAberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
Dysregulation of leptin associated with obesity is implicated in obesity-related colon cancer, but mechanisms are elusive. Increased adiposity and elevated plasma leptin are associated with perturbed metabolism in colon and leptin receptors are expressed on colon epithelium. We hypothesise that obesity increases the sensitivity of the colon to cancer by disrupting leptin-regulated gene targets within colon tissues. PCR arrays were used to firstly identify leptin responsive
genes and secondly to identify responses to leptin challenge in wild-type mice, or those lacking leptin (ob/ob). Leptin-regulated genes were localised in the
colon using in situ hybridisation. IL6, IL1β and CXCL1 were up-regulated by leptin and localised to discrete cells in gut epithelium, lamina propria,
muscularis and at the peritoneal serosal surface. Leptin regulates pro-inflammatory genes such as IL6, IL1β and CXCL1, and might increase the risk
of colon cancer among obese individuals. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2123-2130, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PMID: 21520064 [PubMed - in process]
6. J Cell Physiol. 2011 Aug;226(8):2016-24. doi: 10.1002/jcp.22542.
Modulation of intracellular glutathione affects adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells.
Vigilanza P, Aquilano K, Baldelli S, Rotilio G, Ciriolo MR.
Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy.
Impairment of redox homeostasis has been extensively associated with obesity, as a consequence of the chronic inflammatory state present in overweight subjects. Deregulation of glutathione (GSH), the most important non-enzymatic intracellular anti-oxidant, induces insulin resistance in mature adipocytes, but data are lacking about its effects on adipogenesis. In this report we demonstrate that during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells the GSH/GSSG ratio decreases, shifting redox status towards oxidizing conditions. Moreover, we demonstrate that inhibition of GSH synthesis, obtained by treatment with L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), enhances C/EBPβ LAP/LIP ratio and PPARγ expression during mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) stimulating adipogenesis. On the contrary, GSH ethyl ester (GSHest) supplementation completely abrogates this process also in the presence of BSO. GSH decrement during the first 24 h of adipogenesis is sufficient to induce higher triglyceride accumulation in differentiated adipocytes with respect to control, whereas GSHest treatment inhibits lipid droplets formation. We further demonstrate that Resveratrol (RV) could exert anti-adipogenic properties also by increasing GSH content through γ-glutamyl-cysteine ligase (GCL) induction. Overall data indicate that in pre-adipocytes the decrease of GSH accelerates adipogenesis, suggesting that the use of agents able to maintain GSH redox status in adipose tissue, such as RV, could be promising in stopping the lipogenic loop of obesity. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2016-2024, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PMID: 21520053 [PubMed - in process]
7. Br J Surg. 2011 Apr 21. doi: 10.1002/bjs.7498. [Epub ahead of print]
T lymphocyte activation in visceral adipose tissue of patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
Lysaght J, Allott EH, Donohoe CL, Howard JM, Pidgeon GP, Reynolds JV.
Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health
Sciences, St James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
BACKGROUND: Visceral adipose tissue may fuel obesity-associated chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. T cells may be important in visceral adipose
tissue in driving inflammation, but they have not yet been characterized in patients with cancer. This study aimed to characterize T lymphocytes in visceral
adipose tissue and peripheral blood from patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Omental fat was taken from 35 patients with oesophageal
adenocarcinoma at the start of surgery. Flow cytometry was performed to assess T cell activation status and cytokine production in omentum and peripheral blood. RESULTS: A large population of lymphocytes was present in the omentum. Omental CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells displayed significantly enhanced expression of the T cell activation markers CD69 (P < 0·001) and CD107a (CD8(+) T cells: P < 0·01), and significantly decreased CD62L expression (P < 0·05), compared with blood. Significantly higher proportions of CD45RO(+) T cells compared with CD45RA(+) T cells were present in omentum (P < 0·001 and P = 0·012 for CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells respectively). Interferon γ was the most abundant cytokine expressed by omental T cells, with a significantly higher level than in blood and subcutaneous adipose tissue (P < 0·01). CONCLUSION: Visceral adipose tissue is a rich source of activated proinflammatory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. It may fuel chronic inflammation via T cell-mediated pathways. Copyright © 2011 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PMID: 21520028 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
8. Diabetologia. 2011 Apr 26. [Epub ahead of print]
Aldosterone decreases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo in mice and in murine islets.
Luther JM, Luo P, Kreger MT, Brissova M, Dai C, Whitfield TT, Kim HS, Wasserman DH, Powers AC, Brown NJ.
Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 560 RRB, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602, USA,James.Luther@Vanderbilt.edu.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Aldosterone concentrations increase in obesity and predict the onset of diabetes. We investigated the effects of aldosterone on glucose
homeostasis and insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: We assessed insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in aldosterone synthase-deficient (As
[also known as Cyp11b2](-/-)) and wild-type mice using euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic and hyperglycaemic clamps, respectively. We also conducted studies during high sodium intake to normalise renin activity and potassium concentration in As (-/-) mice. We subsequently assessed the effect of aldosterone on insulin secretion in vitro in the presence or absence of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in isolated C57BL/6J islets and in the MIN6 beta cell line. RESULTS: Fasting glucose concentrations were reduced in As (-/-) mice compared with wild-type. During hyperglycaemic clamps, insulin and C-peptide concentrations increased to a greater extent in As (-/-) than in wild-type mice. This was not attributable to differences in potassium or angiotensin II, as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was enhanced in As (-/-) mice even during high sodium intake. There was no difference in insulin sensitivity between As (-/-) and wild-type mice in euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp studies. In islet and MIN6 beta cell studies, aldosterone inhibited glucose- and isobutylmethylxanthine-stimulated insulin secretion, an effect that was not blocked by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism, but was prevented by the superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We demonstrated that aldosterone deficiency or excess modulates insulin secretion in
vivo and in vitro via reactive oxygen species and in a manner that is independent of mineralocorticoid receptors. These findings provide insight into the mechanism of glucose intolerance in conditions of relative aldosterone excess.
PMID: 21519965 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
9. J Community Health. 2011 Apr 26. [Epub ahead of print]
Multiple Measures of Physical Activity, Dietary Habits and Weight Status in African American and Hispanic or Latina Women.
Lee RE, Mama SK, Medina AV, Reese-Smith JY, Banda JA, Layne CS, Baxter M, O'Connor DP, McNeill L, Estabrooks PA.
Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas Obesity Research Center, University of Houston, 3855 Holman St., Garrison Rm 104, Houston, TX, 77204-6015, USA, releephd@yahoo.com.
Compared measures of physical activity and dietary habits used in the Health Is Power (HIP) study, and described the associations of physical activity and
dietary habits among African American and Hispanic or Latino women, adjusted for weight status. Cross-sectional baseline data were compared for community
dwelling, healthy African American (N = 262) and Hispanic or Latina women (N = 148) who participated in HIP. Physical activity was measured using the
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) long form, the Check And Line Questionnaire (CALQ) log and accelerometry. Dietary habits were measured using NCI 24-h recall screeners, vegetable and fruit (VF) logs and the NCI Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ). Differences in physical activity and dietary habits were assessed using simultaneous 2 (ethnicity) × 3 (weight status) ANCOVAs adjusted for age and socioeconomic status. Women (M age = 44.4 ± 10.9 years) were obese (M = 34.0 ± 9.7 kg/m(2)), did not meet physical activity guidelines as measured by accelerometry (M = 19.4 ± 19.1 min MVPA/day) and ate few VF (M = 2.8 ± 2.7 servings/day). DHQ variables differed by weight status. IPAQ was associated with CALQ, and CALQ with accelerometry (P < .05). IPAQ was not associated with accelerometry. Regardless of ethnicity, normal weight women did more physical activity, reported more VF consumption, and consumed more fat calories than overweight and obese women (Ps < .05). African American women did more MVPA than Hispanic or Latino women (P < .001). Relationships between behaviors and weight status suggest accelerometry and DHQ are preferable, regardless of ethnicity; and studies may capture different domains of physical activity and dietary habits depending on measure used.
PMID: 21519867 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
10. Nutr Hosp. 2010 Dec;25(6):1025-1033.
[The Guadix study of the effects of a Mediterranean-diet breakfast on the postprandial lipid parameters of overweight and obese pre-adolescents.]
[Article in Spanish] Aguilar Cordero MJ, González Jiménez E, Sánchez Perona J, Padilla López CA, Alvarez Ferré J, Mur Villar N, Rivas García F.
Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
The excess weight that characterizes much of the population of the world today has led the World Health Organization to declare a obesity pandemic. The number of overweight and obese children in Spain is among the highest in Europe, and this number is even higher in Andalusia. The health consequences of excess weight for children are not as evident as for adults. However, child obesity is now being associated with pathologies, such as the metabolic syndrome, which were previously believed to be only found in adults. Resistance to insulin is an important risk factor in subjects with severe obesity, which along with visceral obesity, make postprandial triglyceridemia more severe. This increases cardiovascular risk. However, in our opinion, this phenomenon has not been
adequately studied in children. The hearthealthy properties of olive oil, the main ingredient of the Mediterranean diet, have been clearly highlighted in
various studies. These properties include an improved postprandial lipid pattern. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of a
Mediterranean-diet breakfast on the postprandial lipid parameters in a study group of overweight and obese preadolescents (age 10-14) in comparison to a
control group of subjects with no weight problems. The results obtained provide greater knowledge of the physiopathology of child obesity and contribute to the elaboration of dietary recommendations for the maintenance of child health. Additionally, our results give information regarding the development of
atherogenesis during the postprandial period, which can begin at a very early age.
PMID: 21519776 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
11. Nutr Hosp. 2010 Dec;25(6):993-998.
Relation of C358A polymorphism of the endocannabinoid degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) with obesity and insulin resistance.
de Luis DA, González Sagrado M, Aller R, Izaola O, Conde R.
Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Medicine School, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
Background and aims: Recently, it has been demonstrated that the polymorphism 385 C->A of FAAH (fatty acid amide hydrolase) was associated with overweight and obesity. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship of missense polymorphism (cDNA 385 C-A) of FAAH gene on obesity anthropometric parameters, cardiovascular risk factors and adipocytokines. Methods: A population of 279 females with obesity (body mass index 30) was analyzed. An indirect calorimetry, tetrapolar electrical bioimpedance, blood pressure, a serial assessment of nutritional intake with 3 days written food records and biochemical analysis (lipid profile, adipocytokines, insulin, CRP and lipoprotein-a) were performed. The statistical analysis was performed for the combined C385A and A385A as a group and wild type C385C as second group. Results: One hundred and ninety four patients (69.5%) had the genotype C385C (wild type group) and 76 (27.2%) patients had the genotype C358A or A358A (9 patients, 3.2%) (mutant type group). No differences were detected between groups in anthropometric parameters and dietary intakes. Triglycerides (118.9 ± 59.9 mg/dl vs 107.4 + 51.3 mg/dl;p < 0,05), glucose (100.4 ± 19.9 mg/dl vs 94.8 + 11.5mg/dl; p < 0,05), HOMA (3.74 ± 2.2 vs 3.39 + 2.7; p < 0,05) and interleukine 6 (3.3 ± 1.4 pg/ml vs 1.4 ± 2.1 pg/ml; p < 0,05) were higher in wild type group than mutant type group. Conclusion: The novel finding of this study is the association of the mutant type group A358C and A358A of FAAH with a better cardiovascular profile (triglyceride, glucose, interleukine 6 and HOMA levels) than wild type group.
PMID: 21519771 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
12. Nutr Hosp. 2010 Dec;25(6):939-948.
Effects of a balanced energy and high protein formula diet (Vegestart complet®) vs. low-calorie regular diet in morbid obese patients prior to bariatric surgery
(laparoscopic single anastomosis gastric bypass): A prospective, double-blind randomized study.
Carbajo MA, Castro MJ, Kleinfinger S, Gómez-Arenas S, Ortiz-Solórzano J, Wellman R, García-Ianza C, Luque E.
Center of Excellence for the Study and Treatment of the Morbid Obesity, Campo Grande Hospital, Valladolid, Spain.
Objective: Bariatric surgery is considered the only therapeutic alternative for morbid obesity and its comorbidities. High risks factors are usually linked with
this kind of surgery. In order to reduce it, we consider that losing at least 10% of overweight in Morbid Obese (MO) and a minimum of 20% in Super- Obese patients (SO) before surgery, may reduce the morbidity of the procedure. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the effectiveness and tolerance of a balanced energy formula diet at the preoperative stage, comparing it against a low calorie regular diet. Method: We studied 120 patients divided into two groups of 60 each, group A was treated 20 days prior to bariatric surgery with a balanced energy formula diet, based on 200Kcal every 6 hours for 12 days and group B was treated with a low calorie regular diet with no carbs or fat. The last eight days prior to surgery both groups took only clear liquids. We studied the evolution of weight loss, the BMI, as well as behavior of co-morbidities as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glucose controls and tolerance at the
protocol. Results: The study shows that patients undergoing a balanced energy formula diet improved their comorbidities statistically significant in terms of
decrease in weight and BMI loss, blood pressure and glucose, compared to the group that was treated before surgery with a low calorie regular diet.
Nevertheless both groups improving the weight loss and co-morbidities with better surgical results and facilities. Conclusion: A correct preparation of the Morbid Obese patients prior of surgery can reduce the operative risks improving the results. Our study show that the preoperative treatment with a balanced energy formula diet as were included in our protocol in patients undergoing bariatric surgery improves statistical better their overall conditions, lowers
cardiovascular risk and metabolic diseases that the patients with regular diet alone.
PMID: 21519764 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
13. Nutr Hosp. 2010 Dec;25(6):889-909.
[Similarities, differences and agonisms of pleiotropic effects of statins and omega-3 fatty acids.]
[Article in Spanish]
Villalobos ME, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Acín MT, Vaquero MP, Higueras FJ, Bastida S.
Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
This paper compares the pleiotropic effects of statins and omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in treating and preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and deals with the possible interactions of those compounds. Statins represent one of the most important discoveries to have been made in the field of cardiovascular medicine in recent decades. Their beneficial cardiovascular effects, which have reduced the number of fatal events in patients with atherosclerosis, encompass more than their ability to lower cholesterol levels. The pleiotropic effects of statins involve their anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet properties and their ability to
normalize endothelial function. In addition, these drugs may display antiarrhythmic activity, improve insulin sensitivity and counteract hypertension and obesity. The low rate of coronary disease documented in Eskimos corroborates the cardioprotective effects of the n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids beyond their hypolipemic effects. The reduction of CVD-related deaths attributable to the action of α-linolenic fatty acid appears
to be related to its strong antiarrhythmic properties. In addition, as a precursor of EPA and this last fatty acid of thromboxane A3, prostacyclin I3,
serie-3 prostaglandines and serie 5-leukotrines and inhibitor/modulator of thromboxane A2, prostacyclin I2, serie-2 prostaglandines and serie 4-leukotrienes
formation, the α-linolenic acid may reduce inflammation and thrombogenesis. As results of some studies suggest that the combined use of statins and n-3 PUFA
improves cardiovascular protection and reduces the CVD-related mortality rate; the paper also reviews the possible synergism between both groups of compounds on CVD treatment and concludes that clear benefits may be obtained.
PMID: 21519759 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
14. Nutr Hosp. 2010 Dec;25(6):881-888.
Effect of the diet components on adiponectin levels.
Reis CE, Bressan J, Alfenas RC.
Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, which requires nutritional interventions for its effective control. Adiponectin has
antiinflammatory capacity, improves glucose tolerance and presents decreasedplasma expression and concentration in obese individuals. Studies with animals
reveal improvement in insulin resistance after the infusion of adiponectin; in humans, caloric restriction increases its levels. The present study aimed to
analyze the effects of dietary components on gene expression and plasma concentration of adiponectin. Sixteen articles were found following a literature
review -seven with interventions in animal models and nine in human. The results in animal models demonstrate that the consumption of hyperlipidemic diets, rich
in saturated fat, reduces the levels of adiponectin, while the diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and supplementation with omega-3 and eicosapentaenoic
acid increase its gene expression and plasma levels. In humans, the consumption of a healthy and Mediterranean diet are positively associated with adiponectin
levels, although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Due to the importance of adiponectin in preventing metabolic diseases and reducing cardiovascular risk, more research are needed on food strategies to promote the increase of adiponectin levels. Therefore, studies must be carried out to evaluate the
response to different sources and levels of various dietary components and the safety of the supplementation of specific nutrients.
PMID: 21519758 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
15. Nutr Hosp. 2011 Feb;26(1):214-219.
Birth weight and obesity risk at first grade in a cohort of Chilean children.
Loaiza S, Coustasse A, Urrutia-Rojas X, Atalah E.
School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of Magallanes, Chile.
The purpose of the study was to determine the association of birth weight as a risk factor for obesity at first grade in a cohort of elementary school Chilean
children. Height and weight at birth and follow up measurements at first grade were analyzed from a national cohort of 119,070 new borns. Subjects were
classified by anthropometric characteristics: new born weight in kilograms, Ponderal Index, (birth weight/height³ x 100), and gestational age (physical
maturity) categories at birth. The study tested the hypothesis that a macrocosomic newborn (> 4,000 g or > 8.8 pounds) or Large for Gestational Age ,
would be at higher risk to be obese at first grade. A positive relationship between birth weight > 4,000 g, (O.R. =1.55), (p < 0.001), high Ponderal Index
(O.R. = 1.39), (p < 0.001), large for gestational age (O.R. = 1.51), (p < 0.001), and obesity at first grade was found. Macrosomic children were more likely to be obese at first grade after controlling for the effects of confounding prenatal variables (O.R. = 1.67, (p < 0.001). When weight gain between birth and first
grade was > 120% of reference value, the obesity risk was 20 times higher (p < 0.001). A direct and statistically significant relationship between high birth
weight and obesity at first grade in this group of Chilean children were observed. These results highlight the significance of birth weight as an important tool for healthcare providers that can be used as an indicator of obesity risk for children.
PMID: 21519750 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
16. Nutr Hosp. 2011 Feb;26(1):187-193.
Maternal BMI and migration status as predictors of childhood obesity in Mexico.
Jiménez-Cruz A, Wojcicki JM, Bacardí-Gascón M, Castellón-Zaragoza A, García-Gallardo JL, Schwartz N, Heyman MB.
Department of Nutrition, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
Objective: To assess the association of maternal migration to Baja California, body mass index (BMI) status, children's perceived food insecurity, and childhood lifestyle behaviors with overweight (BMI > 85% ile), obesity (BMI > 95% ile) and abdominal obesity (Waist Circumference > 90% ile). Methods: Convenience sampling methods were used to recruit a cross-sectional sample of 4th, 5th and 6th grade children and their parents at Tijuana and Tecate Public Schools. Children's and parents' weights and heights were measured. Children were considered to have migrant parents if parents were not born in Baja California. Results: One hundred and twenty-two children and their parents were recruited. The mean age of the children was 10.1 ± 1.0 years. Forty nine per cent of children were overweight or obese. Children with obese parents (BMI > 30) had greater odds of being obese, Odds Ratio (OR) 4.9 (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.2-19, p = 0.03). Children with migrant parents had greater odds of being obese, OR= 3.7 (95% CI, 1.6-8.3), p = 0.01) and of having abdominal obesity, OR = 3.2 (95% CI, 1.4-7.1, p = 0.01). Children from migrant parents have greater risk of higher consumption of potato chips, OR = 8.0 (95% CI, 2.1 -29.1, p = 0.01). Children from non-migrant parents had greater odds of being at risk of hunger. Conclusions: Parental obesity and
migration are associated with increased risk of obesity among Mexican children. Children whose parents were born in Baja California have greater odds of being at risk of hunger. Further studies should evaluate the role of migration on risk for childhood obesity.
PMID: 21519746 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
17. Nutr Hosp. 2011 Feb;26(1):144-151.
Correlation between serum content of the main COPs (cholesterol oxidation products) from autoxidation and cardiovascular risk factors.
Menéndez-Carreño M, Varo N, Mugueta C, Restituto P, Ansorena D, Astiasarán I.
Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Background/aims: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been proven to be associated with an increased oxidative stress. Several studies have
considered cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) as specific in vivo markers of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the association
between the levels of COPs derived from autoxidation processes and established cardiovascular risk factors, comparing the levels of serum COPs in subjects with or without showing values out of the reference ranges. Methods: It was across-sectional study in which 88 subjects were recruited and individual and
total COPs from autoxidation origin was analyzed in serum by GC-MS. The simultaneous correlation of COPs with different CVD risk factors have been
analyzed. Results and discussion: A great variability of total COPs concentrations were found. Subjects presented total COPs values from 0.091 to
2.052 μg/mL. Total COPs were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in patients with hyper-triglycerolemia, hypertension, diabetes and overweight/ obesity status
compared to those subjects who did not present those CVD risk factors. Moreover, 7α and 7β hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in patients with hypertension and diabetes. No significant differences in total COPs were found between patients with and without hypercholes-terolemia. Conclusions: The obtained results showed that the analyzed COPs correlate well with at least 4 out of 6 risk factors of development of CVD.
PMID: 21519741 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
18. Nutr Hosp. 2011 Feb;26(1):116-121.
[Effect of a multidisciplinar protocol on the clinical results obtained after bariatric surgery.]
[Article in Spanish]
Cánovas Gaillemin B, Sastre Martos J, Moreno Segura G, Llamazares Iglesias O, Familiar Casado C, Abad de Castro S, López Pardo R, Sánchez-Cabezudo Muñoz MA. Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, España.
Introduction: Bariatric surgery has been shown to be an effective therapy for weight loss in patients with severe obesity, and the implementation of a
multidisciplinar management protocol is recommended. Objectives: To assess the usefulness of the implementation of a management protocol in obesity surgery
based on the Spanish Consensus Document of the SEEDO. Methods: Retrospective comparative study of the outcomes in patients previously operated (51 patients) and after the implementation of the protocol (66 patients). The following data were gathered: anthropometry, pre-and post-surgery comorbidities, post-surgical nutritional and surgical complications, validated Quality of Life questionnaire, and dietary habits. Results: Withdrawals (l7.6%) and alcoholism (5.8%) were higher in patients pre- versus post-implementation of the protocol (4.5% vs. 3%, respectively), the differences being statistically significant. The mortality rate was 2% in the pre-protocol group and 0% in the postprotocol group. The dietary habits were better in the post-protocol group, the pre-protocol group presenting a higher percentage of feeding-behavior disorders (5.1%) although not reaching a statistical significance. The improvement in quality of life was
higher in the post-protocol group for all items, but only reaching statistical significance in sexual activity (p = 0.004). In the pre-protocol group, 70.5% of
the patients had more than one nutritional complication vs. 32.8% in the post-protocol group (p < 0.05). There were no differences regarding the
percentage of weight in excess lost at two years (> 50% in 81.3% in the pre-protocol group vs. 74.8% in the pos-protocol group) or the comorbidities.
Conclusions: Bariatric surgery achieves excellent outcomes in weight loss, comorbidities, and quality of life, but presents nutritional, surgical, and
psychiatric complications that require a protocol-based and multidisciplinary approach. Our protocol improves the outcomes regarding the withdrawal rates,
feeding-behavior disorders, dietary habits, nutritional complications, and quality of life.
PMID: 21519737 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
19. Nutr Hosp. 2011 Feb;26(1):91-96.
Circulating adipocytokines in morbid obese patients, relation with cardiovascular risk factors and anthropometric parameters.
de Luis DA, González Sagrado M, Conde R, Aller R, Izaola O, Castro MJ.
Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Medicine School, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
Background: Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with cardiovascular risk factors, including adipocytokines. The aim of the present study was to
explore the relation of circulating adipocytokines with cardiovascular risk and anthropometric parameters in morbid obese patients. Subjects: A population of 65 morbid obese patients was analyzed in a prospective way. A biochemical,anthropometric and dietary evaluation was realized. Results: In the multivariate
analysis with resistin as dependent variable, the BMI remained in the model (F = 16.6; p < 0.05), with an increase of 0.23 (CI 95%: 0.06-0.41) ng/ml with each point of BMI. In a second model with adiponectin as dependent variable, the age remained in the model (F = 4.46; p < 0.05), with an increase of 3.62 (CI 95%: 0.05-7.21) ng/ml with each year. In the third model with interleukin 6 as dependent variable, the HOMA, CRP and weight remained in the model (F = 8.8; p < 0.01), with an increase of 0.26 (CI 95%: 0.05-0.47) pg/ml with each point of HOMA, an increase of 0.43 (CI 95%: 0.10-0.76) pg/ml with each 1 mg/dl of CRP and an increase of 0.13 (CI 95%: 0.05-0.21) pg/ml with each kg of weight. In the fourth model with TNF-alpha as dependent variable, resistin, IL-6 and weight remained in the model (F = 5.2; p < 0.01), with an increase of 1.49 (CI 95%: 0.46-2.53) pg/ml with each point of resistin, an increase of 1.20 (CI 95%: 0.38-2.10) pg/ml with each 1 pg/dl of IL-6 and an increase of 0.27 (CI 95%: 0.04-0.51) pg/ml with each kg of weight. In the fifth model with leptin as dependent variable, BMI and TNF-alpha remained in the model (F = 4.1; p < 0.01), with an increase of 10.35 (CI 95%: 4.10-21.12) ng/ml with each point of BMI and adecrease of 10.16 (CI 95%: -20.37-0.76) pg/ml with each 1 pg/dl of TNF-alpha. Conclusion: Circulating adipocytokine concentrations are associated withdifferent cardiovascular risk factors and anthropometric variables in morbid obese patients.
PMID: 21519734 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
20. Nutr Hosp. 2011 Feb;26(1):48-55.
Effect of the glycemic index on lipid oxidation and body composition.
Lopes da Silva MV, de Càssia Gonçalves Alfenas R.
Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of the consumption of the slowly absorbed carbohydrates in a low glycemic index (GI) diet on fat
oxidation, in order to obtain dietetic treatment that can favor the achievement of an adequate body composition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to
analyze studies in which the role of low GI diets on body composition, with emphasis on fat oxidation. An internet search for articles, in English or
Portuguese, published since 1995, was conducted using the following key words: glycemic index, glycemic load, glycaemic index, glycaemic load, body fat, body composition, fat oxidation. Papers that described animals or humans clinical trials were selected. Data were collected from Web of Science, Science Direct, Pubmed. It was verified that the results of the majority of the analyzed studies indicated that low GI diets lead to a lower insulin response, increasing body fat oxidation. These results indicate that the consumption of low GI diet can be an important strategy to be used for the prevention and control of obesity and chronic diseases associated to it.
PMID: 21519729 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Sources :- http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov